Solar systems

Solar systems: your energy future begins now!

Use the power of the sun and cover your energy needs sustainably and cost-effectively with a solar system from photovoltaikshop.eu!...

more...

Frequently asked questions about solar systems:

Both photovoltaics and solar thermal energy use the power of the sun to generate energy. However, the functionality and areas of application differ fundamentally:

Photovoltaics:

  • Generates: electric current
  • How it works: Solar modules convert sunlight directly into direct current. An inverter transforms this into grid-compliant alternating current that can be used, fed in or stored.
  • Advantages:
    • Decarbonization of electricity consumption
    • Reducing energy costs
    • Environmentally friendly and sustainable energy source
    • Possibility of self-supply and independence from the power grid
    • Increase in the value of the property
  • Disadvantages:
    • Higher acquisition costs than solar thermal energy
    • Dependence on solar radiation
    • The efficiency of electricity generation is lower than that of solar thermal energy

Solar thermal energy:

  • Generates: thermal energy
  • How it works: Solar thermal collectors absorb sunlight and use it to heat a carrier medium (e.g. water or glycol). The heat is then stored in a hot water tank and used for drinking water heating or heating.
  • Advantages:
    • Lower acquisition costs than photovoltaics
    • High efficiency in hot water production
    • Independence from fossil fuels
    • Reduction of CO2 emissions
  • Disadvantages:
    • No contribution to electricity supply
    • Limited usage options (hot water and heating only)
    • Larger roof area required compared to photovoltaics

Conclusion:

The choice between photovoltaics and solar thermal energy depends on individual needs and goals. Photovoltaics are ideal for meeting electricity needs and increasing energy independence, while solar thermal energy reduces heating costs and reduces the use of fossil fuels.

A combination of both systems can maximize the benefits and make a significant contribution to the energy transition.

A photovoltaic system converts sunlight into usable electricity - a fascinating process that can be explained in just a few steps:

1. Effects of light on solar modules:

The journey begins with the sunlight hitting the system's solar panels. These modules consist of many small solar cells made from semiconductor material such as silicon.

2. Generation of electrical charge carriers:

When sunlight hits the solar cells, electrons are released from their atoms. These free electrons and the remaining positively charged "holes" form an electrical potential, the basis for the flow of electricity.

3. Generation of direct current:

The potential created by light drives the electrons in the solar cells in a certain direction. This directed flow of electrons creates direct electrical current.

4. Conversion to alternating current:

Since most household appliances and the power grid operate on alternating current (AC), direct current (DC) conversion is required. This task is carried out by a central or decentralized inverter.

5. Use or feed-in of electricity:

The alternating current generated can now be used either directly in the house or building to cover your own consumption. Excess electricity is fed into the public power grid and paid for by the grid operator.

6. Storage of electricity (optional):

With battery storage, part of the solar power generated can be stored for times without solar radiation. This increases the level of self-consumption and independence from the power grid.

Interaction of the components:

  •      The solar modules form the heart of the system and generate direct current.
  •      The inverter converts the direct current into grid-compliant alternating current.
  •      The electricity meter measures the electricity generated and the electricity fed in.
  •      The cables connect all components together and ensure the flow of electricity.
  •      A monitoring system can monitor plant operations and power generation.

Modern photovoltaic systems:

Ultra-modern systems work with an efficiency of up to 22%. This means that they can generate up to 220 watts of electricity per hour from each kilowatt peak (kWp) of installed power. Technology is constantly evolving and prices are constantly falling.

Conclusion:

Photovoltaic systems are a clean, efficient and sustainable way to generate electricity. How it works is relatively simple and the advantages are many:

  •      Reducing energy costs
  •      Environmentally friendly energy source
  •      Increasing energy independence
  •      Increase in the value of the property

Tip: Consult a specialist to determine the optimal size and configuration for your photovoltaic system.

The optimal size of a photovoltaic system depends on various factors:

1. Your electricity consumption:

Analyze your annual electricity consumption in kilowatt hours (kWh). Available billing or online tools from your energy provider can help. Estimate your future electricity needs, e.g. B. by purchasing electric vehicles.

2. Own consumption rate:

What proportion of the electricity generated would you like to use yourself? The higher the self-consumption rate, the larger the system should be. Rule of thumb: Self-consumption rate x annual electricity consumption = required system output (kWp)

3. Roof area and orientation:

Available roof space determines the maximum size of the system. The orientation and inclination of the roof influence solar radiation and yield. Online roof registers or sun path tools help with the assessment.

4. Economic aspects:

Investment costs per kWp vary depending on the provider and quality. Subsidies and feed-in tariffs for excess electricity can influence profitability. Own electricity costs and electricity prices on the market also play a role.

5. Long-term planning:

Increase the system performance if you increase your electricity requirements in the future (e.g. electric car). Consider the service life of the components (modules approx. 25-30 years, inverters 10-15 years).

The costs for a photovoltaic system are made up of various factors and therefore vary from project to project.

Rule of thumb: You have to expect around €1,000 to €1,500 per kilowatt peak (kWp) of installed power.

Example: A typical 4 kWp system for a single-family home costs between €4,000 and €6,000.

What factors influence the price?

  • Size of the system: The larger the system, the higher the costs.
  • Quality of components: High-quality modules and inverters are more expensive, but offer higher performance and service life.
  • Installation type: Roof installation is cheaper than installation on facades or free-standing frames.
  • Region and provider: Prices vary regionally and depending on the specialist company chosen.

Additional costs:

  • Registration with the network operator
  • Commissioning by an electrician
  • Maintenance and cleaning
  • Any storage costs (optional)

Funding opportunities:

  • Federal funding for efficient buildings (BEG)
  • KfW loan with repayment subsidy
  • Regional funding programs

Reduce costs:

  • Compare multiple offers
  • Choice of high quality but efficient components
  • Use of funding opportunities
  • Self-cultivation (with expertise)

Long-term savings:

  • Lower electricity costs through self-consumption
  • Rising energy prices
  • Stability and increase in value of the property
  • Environmentally friendly energy source and contribution to the energy transition

Conclusion:

Investing in a solar system is usually worthwhile in the long term. The exact cost depends on various factors, but the benefits in terms of energy costs, environmental friendliness and increased value are compelling.

The profitability of a photovoltaic system depends on various factors and cannot be answered in general terms.

Calculation of profitability:

  • Investment costs: acquisition costs of the system (modules, inverters, assembly)
  • Funding: Deduction of state subsidies and regional funding
  • Yield: Annual electricity production in kWh x electricity price (own consumption + feed-in tariff)
  • Operating costs: maintenance, cleaning, insurance, possibly storage costs
  • Payback period: Period until the investment costs are covered by the return
  • Yield forecast: Calculation of electricity yield taking into account solar radiation, roof area, system orientation, etc.
  • Electricity price development: Assumption of an increase in the electricity price over the lifespan of the system

Sample calculation:

Investment: €6,000 (4 kWp system)
Funding: €1,500 (BEG)
Annual yield: 5,000 kWh
Electricity price: €0.30/kWh (own consumption) + €0.07/kWh (feed-in)
Operating costs: €100/year
Payback period: approx. 8 years
Yield forecast: Increase in electricity prices by 2% per year
Result: Profitable investment with positive returns over the life of the system

Influencing factors:

  • Self-consumption rate: The higher the proportion of electricity you use yourself, the faster the payback.
  • Electricity prices: Rising electricity prices shorten the payback period and increase profitability.
  • Funding programs: Funding reduces investment costs and accelerates profitability.
  • Technology development: More efficient modules and components reduce costs and increase yield.

Additional aspects:

  • Environmentally friendly energy source: Contribution to the energy transition and reduction of CO2 emissions
  • Independence from energy suppliers: Rising energy prices have less of an impact.
  • Stability and increase in value of the property

Conclusion:

Photovoltaic systems are a profitable investment with positive effects on the environment, energy independence and property value. The payback period varies, but is usually between 7 and 10 years.

The federal government and many federal states support the expansion of photovoltaics with attractive funding programs to advance the energy transition and promote self-consumption of electricity.

What basic types of funding are there?

  • Grants: You receive a percentage of the eligible costs of your photovoltaic system.
  • Loan: You receive a low-cost loan to purchase and install your system.
  • Tax relief: You can deduct part of the costs of your investment from your taxes.

What specific funding programs are currently available?

  • Federal funding for efficient buildings (BEG): This program offers subsidies of up to 30% of the costs for photovoltaic systems, battery storage and other climate-friendly measures.
  • KfW loan with repayment subsidy: KfW supports photovoltaic systems with low-interest loans and a repayment subsidy of up to 20%.
  • Regional funding programs: In addition to the federal programs, many federal states and municipalities have their own funding programs for photovoltaics.

Where can I find more information?

Photovoltaic systems often generate more electricity during the day when the sun is shining than is consumed directly in the household. So where should the excess solar power go?

1. Feeding into the power grid:

  • Remuneration: The excess electricity is fed into the network operator and paid for. The amount of remuneration is regulated by law and is currently around 7 cents per kilowatt hour (kWh).
  • Requirements: An electricity meter with a backstop is required. The network operator must agree to the feed-in.
  • Advantages: Simple and safe solution. Additional income through electricity sales.
  • Disadvantages: Compensation relatively low. Dependencies on the network operator.

2. Storage in a battery storage:

  • Storage: The excess electricity is stored in battery storage for later consumption.
  • Self-consumption optimization: Electricity generated during the day can also be used in the evening and at night.
  • Increase the level of self-sufficiency: Independence from electricity price fluctuations and power outages.
  • Investment costs: Purchase costs for battery storage are relatively high.
  • Technology: Limiting the lifespan and efficiency of battery storage.

3. Use for other purposes:

  • Hot water production: Excess electricity can be used to heat water for hot water needs.
  • Electromobility: charging electric vehicles with self-generated solar power.
  • Intelligent control: Smart systems link electricity consumption in the household with solar power generation.

4. Combination of different solutions:

  • Storage and feed-in: Combination of battery storage and feed-in to the power grid.
  • Own consumption and hot water: Use of solar power for your own consumption and hot water preparation.
  • Flexible use: Intelligent systems optimize the use of solar power for various purposes.

Conclusion:

There are various ways to use excess solar power. The optimal solution depends on individual needs, the system configuration and the general conditions.

The lifespan of a photovoltaic system is an important factor when deciding on this investment.

Basically:

  • High-quality systems: Last 25 to 30 years or even longer.
  • Performance: The performance decreases over the years, but after 20 years it is usually still at 80% of the original performance.

Influencing factors:

  • Quality of components: High-quality modules and inverters are more durable.
  • Installation: Professional installation protects the system from the elements.
  • Maintenance: Regular maintenance and cleaning ensure optimal performance.

Single components:

  • Solar modules: The most durable components, with a lifespan of up to 40 years.
  • Inverter: Inverters usually need to be replaced after 10 to 15 years.
  • Battery storage: The lifespan of battery storage is around 10 to 20 years.

Advantages of a long lifespan:

  • Shorter payback period: The investment pays off more quickly.
  • High economic efficiency: Electricity costs fall in the long term.
  • Sustainability: Less material waste and environmental impact.

Tip:

  • Choose quality products: Invest in high-quality components from well-known manufacturers.
  • Professional installation: Hire a specialist company to install your system.
  • Regular maintenance: Have your system checked by a specialist once a year.

Conclusion:

Photovoltaic systems are a long-lasting investment with high potential. With high-quality components, professional installation and regular maintenance, you can maximize the lifespan of your system and benefit from the long-term benefits of solar energy.

The decision as to whether you need electricity storage for your photovoltaic system depends on several factors:

1. Own consumption rate:

  • High self-consumption: Storage can make sense if you want to use a large part of the electricity you generate directly in your household. This increases your self-sufficiency and saves on electricity costs.
  • Low self-consumption: If you produce a lot of electricity during the day but are at work or traveling a lot at the same time, storage may make less sense. During this time, the electricity is not needed and can instead be fed into the grid for a fee.

2. Electricity price development:

  • Rising electricity prices: When electricity prices rise, self-generated solar power becomes more valuable. Storage can help absorb these price increases.
  • Stable electricity prices: When electricity prices are stable or falling, the benefit of storage is lower.

3. Investment costs:

  • Storage costs: The acquisition costs for battery storage can be high.
  • Funding options: There are various funding programs that can reduce the costs of storage.

4. System size and type:

  • Small systems: For small systems, storage can account for a relatively high proportion of the total costs.
  • Large systems: With large systems, the storage can pay for itself more quickly.
  • Storage type: The type of storage (lead-acid, lithium-ion, etc.) influences cost, performance and service life.

5. Individual needs:

  • Emergency power supply: A storage device can also be used as an emergency power supply in the event of power outages.
  • Environmental awareness: By using the solar power you generate yourself, you increase your contribution to the energy transition and climate protection.

In summary:

An electricity storage system can increase the profitability and benefits of your photovoltaic system. However, you should decide individually whether you need storage based on your specific situation and needs.

Tip: Consult a photovoltaic consultant to find the best solution for your system.

In principle, there is no legal requirement in Germany to have a photovoltaic system installed by a specialist company.

The most important points:

  • Mounting the modules: Mounting the solar modules on the roof is permitted without restrictions as long as the static requirements are met and safety is guaranteed.
  • Connection to the power grid: The connection to the public power grid may only be carried out by a registered electrical engineer.
  • This also applies to the installation of the inverter.
  • The electrical engineer must be registered in the installer directory of the respective network operator.
  • Commissioning: The commissioning of the entire system must be confirmed by an electrician with appropriate qualifications.

Recommendation:

  • Professional installation: Even if it is possible to assemble the modules yourself, it is strongly advisable to have the installation carried out by a qualified specialist company.
    This ensures that all technical and legal requirements are met and the system functions safely and efficiently.
    Specialist companies have the necessary know-how and experience to ensure a smooth installation.
     
  • Registration with the network operator: After installation, the photovoltaic system must be registered with the network operator.
    To do this, you must fill out a form and submit additional documents if necessary.
  • Insurance: It is advisable to take out insurance for the photovoltaic system that covers damage caused by fire, storms, hail, etc.

In summary:

While it may be possible to install the solar modules yourself, connecting them to the power grid and putting them into operation must be carried out by a specialist.

Hiring a professional installation company is generally recommended to ensure a safe, efficient and compliant installation.

The solar flower is a complex and relatively expensive product. There is usually a high demand for advice and customization. Therefore, in our view, it makes little sense to display the solar flower in the shop.

We have created a separate information page for the solar flower, which you can find at https://www.pv-blume.de.


Items 1 - 11 of 11