Degradation

In photovoltaics, degradation refers to the gradual loss of power output from solar cells and modules over their lifetime. This decline in performance is a natural process and is influenced by various factors that reduce the efficiency of the solar cells.

Causes of Degradation:

  • Light-Induced Degradation (LID): Certain solar cell materials, particularly those based on crystalline silicon, are susceptible to light-induced degradation. This process creates defects in the crystal lattice, promoting charge carrier recombination and thus reducing performance.
  • Potential-Induced Degradation (PID): Under humid conditions and certain potential differences between the solar cells and the module frame, degradation can occur due to corrosion and metallization issues.
  • Temperature Cycles: Constant changes between high and low temperatures can lead to material fatigue and mechanical stresses, shortening the lifespan of solar cells.
  • UV Radiation: Long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation can alter the surface structure and electrical properties of solar cells.
  • Moisture: Moisture, in combination with other factors such as salt or impurities, can lead to corrosion and accelerated degradation.

Effects of Degradation:

  • Reduction in Energy Yield: Degradation results in a continuous decline in the electrical output generated by a solar system.
  • Shortened Lifespan: In extreme cases, degradation can significantly shorten the lifespan of a solar system.
  • Economic Losses: The loss of power output directly impacts the profitability of a photovoltaic system, as the expected energy yield decreases.

Measures to Minimize Degradation:

  • High-Quality Materials: Using high-quality materials and manufacturing processes can reduce susceptibility to degradation.
  • Optimized Module Designs: A good module design protects solar cells from environmental influences and reduces the risk of degradation.
  • Regular Maintenance: Regular inspections and cleanings can help identify and address damage early.
  • Performance Guarantees: Manufacturers typically offer performance guarantees that cover power loss over a certain period.

Conclusion:

Degradation is a natural process that occurs in solar cells and modules. However, with a comprehensive understanding of the causes and appropriate measures, degradation can be minimized. Modern solar modules generally exhibit very low degradation rates, so the lifespan of photovoltaic systems is typically well over 20 years.

Additional Keywords: Efficiency, Solar Module, Solar Cell, Photovoltaic System, Performance Guarantee