Feed-In Limitation
The feed-in limitation in photovoltaics refers to the artificial restriction of the electrical power that a photovoltaic system is allowed to feed into the public power grid. This measure is typically implemented through technical regulations at the inverter and aims to prevent overloading the power grid, especially during periods of high solar energy production.
Reasons for Feed-in Limitations:
- Grid Stability: A sudden high feed-in of solar energy can lead to voltage fluctuations and frequency deviations in the power grid, jeopardizing supply security.
- Protection of Grid Components: Excessive feed-in can overload transformers and lines, causing damage.
- Integration into the Existing Power Grid: Integrating large amounts of renewable energy requires careful planning and control to ensure grid stability.
Historical Development:
In the past, feed-in limitations were common in many countries and often limited to a fixed percentage of the system's capacity (e.g., 70% rule). However, due to technological advances in grid management and the expansion of energy storage, these strict limitations have become increasingly unnecessary.
Current Developments:
The energy transition and the expansion of renewable energy lead to continuous adjustments of the legal framework for feed-in limitations. Modern inverters are capable of dynamically responding to grid conditions and adjusting feed-in accordingly. Furthermore, smart grids enable better management of energy flows and contribute to stabilizing the grid.
Impact on System Operators:
Feed-in limitations can affect the economic viability of a photovoltaic system, as less electricity can be fed into the grid and compensated. Therefore, it is important for system operators to stay informed about the current legal regulations and technical possibilities for optimizing feed-in.
Further Keywords: Photovoltaics, Inverters, Power Grid, Grid Stability, Feed-in Management, Smart Grid, EEG (Renewable Energy Sources Act), 70% Rule, Power Reduction, Reactive Power Control