Lead-Acid Batteries
Lead-Batteries are an established technology for storing electrical energy, which is also used in photovoltaic systems. They convert electrical energy into chemical energy and can deliver it back when needed.
Functionality
Lead batteries consist of lead plates immersed in an electrolyte solution. Electrical energy is stored or released through chemical reactions at the plates. The two main types of lead batteries are:
- Lead-Acid Batteries: The oldest and most cost-effective variant. They require regular maintenance and are prone to sulfation.
- Lead-Gel Batteries: An advanced variant with a gelled electrolyte. They are maintenance-free, more cycle-resistant, and have a longer lifespan than lead-acid batteries.
Use in Photovoltaics
In photovoltaic systems, lead batteries are used to store excess solar energy and feed it back into the power grid or supply consumers directly when needed. This enables greater self-sufficiency and reduces reliance on the public power grid.
Advantages
- Low Cost: Lead batteries are cheaper compared to other storage technologies (e.g., lithium-ion).
- Mature Technology: Lead batteries have been tested for a long time, and their properties are well understood.
- High Current Capacity: They can deliver high currents, making them suitable for applications with high peak loads.
Disadvantages
- Low Energy Density: Compared to modern lithium-ion batteries, lead batteries have a lower energy density, meaning they can store less energy per unit of weight.
- Limited Cycle Stability: The number of possible charge and discharge cycles is limited, especially with deep discharges.
- Environmental Impact: The production and disposal of lead batteries can have negative environmental effects.
Conclusion
Lead batteries are a proven storage solution for photovoltaic systems, particularly for smaller systems and applications with low energy density requirements. However, due to their disadvantages, they are increasingly being replaced by more modern technologies like lithium-ion batteries.
Note: Developments in the energy storage sector are advancing rapidly. It is therefore advisable to stay informed about the current state of technology when selecting a storage system for a photovoltaic system.
Keywords: Photovoltaics, Energy Storage, Solar Power, Self-Consumption
