Module String

A module string in photovoltaics is an electrical connection of several solar modules in series. This series connection allows for an increase in the voltage delivered by the entire system. Each module string is essentially a partial circuit within a larger photovoltaic system.

Functionality:

  • Series connection: The solar modules are connected in series, so the current flowing through the first module must also flow through all subsequent modules.
  • Voltage increase: In a series connection, the voltages of the individual modules add up. This is important to meet the requirements of inverters and other components of the system.
  • Current limitation: The current in a module string is limited by the weakest module. Therefore, it is important to select modules with similar performance to achieve optimal yield.

Advantages of series connection:

  • Higher voltage: The higher voltage facilitates adaptation to different inverters and grid conditions.
  • Reduced losses: The series connection reduces line losses, as less current flows through the wiring.
  • Simpler wiring: The series connection leads to simpler and more cost-effective wiring compared to other circuits.

Disadvantages of series connection:

  • Susceptibility to shading: If a module in the string is shaded, the performance of the entire string decreases, as the current through all modules must be the same.
  • Higher voltage: The higher voltage can pose a safety risk if proper safety measures are not taken.

Applications:

Module strings are used in nearly all photovoltaic systems, from small systems on single-family homes to large solar parks.

Conclusion:

The module string is a fundamental component of any photovoltaic system. The series connection of the modules enables efficient energy generation. To minimize the disadvantages of series connection, additional components such as optimizers or microinverters are often employed.

Relevant keywords: photovoltaics, solar module, series connection, voltage, inverters, shading, power optimizers, microinverters, solar system