Nominal Voltage
The nominal voltage is a central concept in photovoltaics and describes the electrical voltage at which a solar panel or solar cell delivers its maximum electrical power. It is measured in volts (V) and is an important parameter when planning and installing photovoltaic systems.
What does nominal voltage mean in detail?
- Optimal operating conditions: The nominal voltage corresponds to the voltage at which the solar cell or solar panel operates under standard test conditions (STC). STC are defined conditions for irradiance, cell temperature, and the spectral composition of light that serve as a global reference.
- Dependence on external factors: The actual voltage of a solar panel can deviate from the nominal voltage depending on solar irradiance, temperature, and other environmental factors.
- Importance for system design: The nominal voltage is an important factor when selecting inverters and other components of a photovoltaic system. The components must be matched to the nominal voltage of the modules to ensure optimal efficiency.
Why is nominal voltage important?
- Power yield: The nominal voltage indicates how much electrical energy a module can deliver under optimal conditions.
- System compatibility: The nominal voltage must be compatible with the other components of the photovoltaic system. Incorrect matching can lead to power losses or damage.
- Safety: A voltage that is too high can lead to overloads and damage to components.
Factors influencing nominal voltage:
- Cell technology: Different cell technologies (monocrystalline, polycrystalline, thin film) have different nominal voltages.
- Module size: Larger modules generally have a higher nominal voltage.
- Number of cells: The number of cells connected in series affects the nominal voltage.
Relevant keywords: photovoltaics, solar panel, solar cell, voltage, standard test conditions (STC), inverters