Operator Models

Operating Models in photovoltaics describe the various options for how a photovoltaic system can be operated and financed. They define who owns the system, who uses or sells the generated electricity, and who is responsible for maintenance and upkeep. The choice of the right model depends on individual factors such as financial capacity, technical conditions, and personal goals.

Basic Operating Models

  • Ownership Model:
    • The system owner is also the operator.
    • They can consume the electricity themselves, feed it into the public grid, or choose a combination of both.
    • Advantages: Independence, full control over the system.
    • Disadvantages: High initial investment, responsibility for maintenance and upkeep.
  • Leasing Model:
    • The system owner leases the system to a third party.
    • The lessee takes over operation and maintenance.
    • Advantages: No high initial investment, regular income for the owner.
    • Disadvantages: Dependence on the lessee, lower flexibility.
  • Rental Model:
    • Similar to the leasing model, but with a shorter contract duration.
    • Advantages and disadvantages largely correspond to the leasing model.

Additional Models and Combinations

  • Citizen Energy Projects:
    • Several citizens jointly participate in a system.
    • Advantages: Regional value creation, community engagement.
  • Tenant Electricity Models:
    • The generated electricity is supplied directly to tenants of a building.
    • Advantages: Reduction of electricity costs for tenants, sustainable energy supply.
  • Combinations:
    • Often, elements from different models are combined, e.g., self-consumption with feed-in or leasing with citizen participation.

Decision Factors

The choice of the appropriate operating model depends on the following factors:

  • Financial Resources: Available equity, financing options.
  • Technical Requirements: Roof area, solar radiation, grid connection.
  • Legal Framework Conditions: Funding programs, feed-in tariffs.
  • Personal Goals: Independence, environmental awareness, returns.

Conclusion

The variety of operating models allows photovoltaic projects to be tailored to the needs and possibilities of the respective actors. Comprehensive consultation by experts is advisable to find the optimal model.

Note: The legal framework conditions and funding opportunities are subject to regular changes. Current advice from an expert is therefore essential.

Further Keywords: Photovoltaics, Solar System, Self-Consumption, Feed-In, Citizen Energy