Racking

Racking refers in photovoltaics to a structure on which solar panels are mounted at a certain angle to the horizontal. Its purpose is to optimize the exposure of sunlight on the panels and thus maximize the energy yield of a solar system.

Function and Purpose

  • Optimal Orientation: By mounting, solar panels can be oriented to face as directly as possible towards the incoming sunlight. This is particularly important because the performance of solar cells greatly depends on the angle of incidence of light.
  • Avoidance of Shadows: Racking allows for a free arrangement of the panels, minimizing shadows from building parts, trees, or other obstacles.
  • Cooling of the Panels: By elevating the panels above the ground or roof, better cooling is ensured, which extends their lifespan and improves performance.

Types of Racking

There are various types of mounting systems that differ in their construction and applications:

  • Flat Roof Mounts: These are installed on flat roofs and allow for flexible tilting of the panels.
  • Pitched Roof Mounts: They are specifically designed for sloped roofs and are mounted either on or beside the roof ridge.
  • Ground Mounts: These are constructed on large areas such as fields or meadows, allowing for optimal orientation of the panels.

Factors in Choosing a Racking System

The choice of the appropriate mounting system depends on various factors:

  • Roof Structure: The characteristics of the roof (flat, pitched, material) determine the type of possible mounting.
  • Site Conditions: Wind load, snow load, and geographical location influence the static requirements for the mounting.
  • Orientation and Angle: The desired orientation and angle of the panels determine the construction of the mounting.
  • Cost: The costs for the mounting system vary depending on materials, size, and complexity of the construction.

Advantages of Racking

  • Higher Energy Yield: The optimal orientation and avoidance of shadows significantly increase the energy yield of the solar system.
  • Longer Lifespan of the Panels: Good cooling of the panels through mounting extends their lifespan.
  • Flexibility: Racking systems allow for flexible adjustment of the solar system to different conditions.

Conclusion: Racking is an essential component of any photovoltaic system. It significantly contributes to the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of electricity generation. By choosing the right mounting system, energy yield can be optimized, and the lifespan of the system can be extended.

Additional Keywords: Photovoltaics, Solar Panels, Solar System, Racking, Tilt Angle, Energy Yield, Flat Roof, Pitched Roof, Ground Mount