Roof Orientation

The roof orientation is a crucial factor for the efficiency of a photovoltaic system. It describes the orientation of the solar modules relative to the cardinal directions and significantly influences the amount of sunlight the modules can capture.

Optimal Orientation

• South Orientation: In Germany, south orientation is considered optimal, as the sun forms a nearly vertical angle with the modules throughout the day, thus generating the most energy.
• East and West Orientation: An east or west orientation is also possible, but it leads to lower yields, as sunlight strikes the modules at a slant in the morning and evening. Nevertheless, this orientation can be useful to increase self-consumption, for example, through early morning or late evening electricity use.
• North Orientation: A north orientation is generally unsuitable for photovoltaic systems, as the modules receive very little sunlight.

Other Factors

In addition to the cardinal direction, the efficiency of a photovoltaic system is also influenced by the following factors:

• Inclination Angle: The optimal inclination angle depends on the geographical latitude and typically ranges between 30 and 35 degrees in Germany.
• Shading: Trees, buildings, or other obstacles can reduce the sunlight exposure on the modules, thereby decreasing the yield.
• Season: The sunlight exposure varies throughout the year, which also affects the yield.

Conclusion

The roof orientation is an important aspect when planning a photovoltaic system. While south orientation is optimal, other orientations can also be sensible under certain conditions. A detailed analysis of the local conditions is therefore essential to ensure the best possible configuration of the system.

Note: The actual efficiency of a photovoltaic system depends on many other factors, such as the module technology, the inverter, and the climatic conditions.

Additional Keywords: photovoltaics, solar modules, solar energy, yield, self-consumption, inclination angle, shading