Thin-Film Module
A thin-film module is a special type of solar module where the photovoltaic active layers are significantly thinner than those in conventional crystalline silicon modules. These thin-film modules consist of semiconductor materials that are applied in a very thin layer onto a substrate. The small layer thickness allows for a flexible and lightweight construction, opening up new application possibilities.
How it works:
Similar to other solar modules, thin-film modules convert light energy into electrical energy. When light strikes the semiconductor layer, electrons are excited and can generate an electric current. The choice of semiconductor material determines the efficiency and specific properties of the module.
Advantages of thin-film modules:
- Cost-effective manufacturing: Due to the simple coating technique, thin-film modules are often cheaper to produce than crystalline modules.
- Flexibility: Due to their small thickness, thin-film modules can be applied to flexible substrates, allowing for integration into curved surfaces.
- Lightweight: The low weight facilitates installation and transport.
- Good performance in diffuse light: Thin-film modules often show better performance in diffuse light, such as on cloudy days or in shaded areas.
Disadvantages of thin-film modules:
- Lower efficiency: Compared to high-quality crystalline silicon modules, thin-film modules generally have a lower maximum efficiency.
- Higher degradation: The performance of thin-film modules tends to decline more over time than that of crystalline modules.
- Sensitivity to moisture: Some thin-film technologies are more sensitive to moisture, requiring careful encapsulation.
Applications:
Thin-film modules are used in various areas, including:
- Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): Due to their flexibility and aesthetics, they are well-suited for integration into facades, roofs, or windows.
- Ground-mounted systems: Thin-film modules can also be used in large ground-mounted systems, especially in regions with high diffuse irradiation.
- Special applications: Thin-film modules are used in fields such as aerospace, automotive, and portable electronics.
Commonly used materials:
- Cadmium telluride (CdTe): One of the most widely used technologies for thin-film modules.
- Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS): Offers high efficiency and can be produced on flexible substrates.
- Amorphous silicon (a-Si): An older technology that is still in use.
Conclusion:
Thin-film modules offer an interesting alternative to crystalline silicon modules, particularly for applications where flexibility, low weight, and good performance in diffuse light are important. Continuous research and development lead to improvements in the efficiency and long-term stability of this technology.
Additional keywords: photovoltaics, solar module, semiconductors, cadmium telluride, CIGS, silicon, degradation
