Yield
The yield of a photovoltaic system describes the amount of electrical energy produced by the system over a specific period. It is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh). Yield is a crucial factor in the planning and economic calculation of a PV system, as it is directly linked to electricity costs.
Factors influencing yield:
- Solar radiation: The intensity and duration of sunlight at the location of the system significantly determine the yield. The more sunlight that reaches the solar modules, the higher the generated electricity.
- Module technology: The efficiency of the solar modules plays an important role. Modern modules convert a higher percentage of incoming sunlight into electricity than older models.
- System size: The number and performance of the installed solar modules determine the maximum output of the system.
- Orientation and tilt: In Central Europe, the optimal orientation of the modules is south and a tilt of about 30 degrees to the horizon to achieve the highest possible yield.
- Shading: Shading from trees, buildings, or other obstacles significantly reduces yield.
- Loss factors: In addition to the factors mentioned, there are further loss factors such as temperature, module pollution, and electrical losses that affect yield.
Yield calculation and forecasting:
To calculate the expected yield of a PV system, specialized software programs are used. These take into account the above factors and provide a realistic forecast. However, actual yields may differ from the forecast, as weather conditions and other influences change over time.
Yield optimization:
There are various ways to optimize the yield of a PV system:
- Optimal orientation and tilt: Careful planning of the system's orientation and tilt is essential.
- Cleaning the modules: Regular cleaning of the modules removes dirt and improves efficiency.
- Monitoring: With the help of monitoring systems, system owners can monitor their system's yield and detect possible disturbances early.
- Optimized inverters: Modern inverters increase the efficiency of the system.
The yield of a photovoltaic system is a dynamic value that depends on numerous factors. An accurate yield calculation is essential for making an informed decision about investing in a PV system.
Relevant keywords: kilowatt-hour (kWh), solar radiation, orientation, tilt, shading, inverters