Inclination Angle

The inclination angle of a photovoltaic module is a crucial factor for the efficiency of a solar system. It describes the angle at which the module is tilted from the horizontal plane. This angle has a direct impact on the incoming solar radiation and thus on electricity generation.

Optimal inclination angle

The optimal inclination angle depends on several factors:

• Geographical Latitude: Generally, a inclination angle is recommended that approximately corresponds to the latitude of the location.
• Seasonal Variations: To achieve the highest yield throughout the year, a compromise between summer and winter months can be sought.
• Orientation: The orientation of the module (usually facing south) is also important, as solar radiation is strongest in the south.
• Shading: Trees, buildings, or other obstacles can affect the optimal angle.

Influence of the inclination angle

• Direct Radiation: An optimal inclination angle ensures that sunlight hits the module surface as vertically as possible, maximizing radiation absorption.
• Losses Due to Reflection: At an unfavorable angle, more sunlight is reflected and less is absorbed.
• Losses Due to Scattering: The scattering of light is also influenced by the inclination angle.

Reasons for Deviations from the Optimal Angle

• Structural Conditions: Often, roof surfaces are not ideally oriented or shaded, making the optimal angle unattainable.
• Costs: Precise orientation and tilt of the modules can increase installation costs.
• Aesthetics: In some cases, aesthetic reasons may take precedence over the optimal technical solution.

Conclusion

The inclination angle is an important parameter in the planning of a photovoltaic system. Accurate calculation and design can significantly increase the efficiency of the system and pay off in the long term.

Relevant Keywords: photovoltaics, solar panel, solar energy, orientation, shading