Inclination Angle
The inclination angle of a photovoltaic module is a crucial factor for the efficiency of a solar system. It describes the angle at which the module is tilted from the horizontal plane. This angle has a direct impact on the incoming solar radiation and thus on electricity generation.
Optimal inclination angle
The optimal inclination angle depends on several factors:
- Geographical Latitude: Generally, a inclination angle is recommended that approximately corresponds to the latitude of the location.
- Seasonal Variations: To achieve the highest yield throughout the year, a compromise between summer and winter months can be sought.
- Orientation: The orientation of the module (usually facing south) is also important, as solar radiation is strongest in the south.
- Shading: Trees, buildings, or other obstacles can affect the optimal angle.
Influence of the inclination angle
- Direct Radiation: An optimal inclination angle ensures that sunlight hits the module surface as vertically as possible, maximizing radiation absorption.
- Losses Due to Reflection: At an unfavorable angle, more sunlight is reflected and less is absorbed.
- Losses Due to Scattering: The scattering of light is also influenced by the inclination angle.
Reasons for Deviations from the Optimal Angle
- Structural Conditions: Often, roof surfaces are not ideally oriented or shaded, making the optimal angle unattainable.
- Costs: Precise orientation and tilt of the modules can increase installation costs.
- Aesthetics: In some cases, aesthetic reasons may take precedence over the optimal technical solution.
Conclusion
The inclination angle is an important parameter in the planning of a photovoltaic system. Accurate calculation and design can significantly increase the efficiency of the system and pay off in the long term.
Relevant Keywords: photovoltaics, solar panel, solar energy, orientation, shading
